References

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2.   Valipour et al 2020 Two-year outcomes for the double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study of targeted lung denervation in patients with moderate to severe COPD: AIRFLOW-2 Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon 15:2807-2816
3.   Pavord et al 2017 Mepolizumab for eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med 377(17): 1613-1629
4.   Mayse et al 2020 Targeted lung denervation in sheep: durability of denervation and long-term histologic effects on bronchial wall and peribronchial structures Respir Res 21:117
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21.  Pison et al 2021 Safety of denervation following targeted lung denervation therapy for COPD AIRFLOW-1 3-year outcomes Respir Res 22(1): 62
22.  Hartman JE, Conway F, Degano B, Augustijn SWS, Herth FJF, Mayr A, Chacaroun S, Tonkin J, Valipour A, Slebos DJ. Rate of lung function decline slows in the 3 years after targeted lung denervation in COPD. Respir Med 2021; 188: 106604.
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24.  Canning BJ 2006 Reflex regulation of airway smooth muscle tone J Appl Physiol 101:971-985. 
25.  Valipour A et al 2018 Long-term safety of bilateral targeted lung denervation in patients with COPD Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 13:2163-2172.
26.  Valipour A et al 2019 Safety and dose study of targeted lung denervation in moderate/severe COPD patients Respiration 98:329-339. 
27.  Slebos DJ et al 2019 Safety and adverse events after targeted lung denervation for symptomatic moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AIRFLOW). A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial Am J Respir Crit Care 200:1477-1486.

Common potential risks associated with the TLD procedure include, but are not limited to, worsening of COPD symptoms (shortness of breath, increased cough, COPD exacerbations), coughing up blood tinged mucous, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, upset stomach or feeling of fullness, trouble processing food, and fever. 

dNerva® Lung Denervation System is an investigational device in the United States and has a CE mark regulatory approval.